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The Power Wall

Melting Chips Only Run Downhill
Energy efficiency gains have been slowing down.
Heat generation grows with the number of transistors.
Packing more and more transistors on a chip keeps making this worse.
The power wall places hard limits on future GPU speedups.
Power has to be supplied
Power has to be dissipated.
No Time For RC Delays



No Time For RC Delays
Optics Scale Better

If you make a 700-watt GPU 100x faster, but do nothing about its energy efficiency, you'd be creating a chip that melts immediately after turning on.
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